The European Data Protection Board („EDPB”), the European Union’s independent body mandated to ensure the consistent application of Regulation no. 2016/679 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data („GDPR”), issued, in May 2020, new specific guidelines for the interpretation and application of the GDPR provisions on consent for processing personal data. This articl...

In early 2020, the NIS Cooperation Group published a set of cybersecurity measures in the context of the implementation of the 5G system (called 5G Network EU Toolbox Risk Mitiganting Meaasures), proposing technical and strategic measures to be taken by EU Member States.Some of the recommended measures include an assessment of the risk profile of suppliers and the application of restrictions for those considered to be at high risk for e...

Hostile takeover is the takeover public offer made despite the opposition of the management of a company. The reasons for the hostility are, in general, the fear of the management of the target company that will be replaced after taking over.The hostility is expressed, formally, by recommending the management of thetarget company made to its shareholders to accept or not the takeover offer of the acquirer. The best solution to avoi...

The power of representation granted by a natural person to a legal person produces specific consequences in terms of substantive law. In civil procedural law, however, it is subject to significant limitations, given the strict rules provided by the Code of Civil Procedure. In the absence of a judgment pronounced by the High Court of Cassation and Justice in this matter, we deem that the limits of the representation of a legal person by another...

The present study is a continuation of the presentation of some key aspects about the general theory of property dismemberment, started by us through this publication. Without intending to be exhaustive, we tried to analyze the features of exercising the dismemberments of private property highlighted by the specifics of possession of these rights, but also of their defense. The concepts of opposability or task constitute the vein that substant...

The single market offers European consumers direct and indirect benefits, rights and opportunities, various options and competitive prices, under quality and competitive conditions, safety for products and services circulating within the European Union.Consumer protection policy is now an integral part of the Union’s strategic objective of improving the quality of life for all its citizens. In addition to the direct actions aimed at prot...

Given the constant growth of international commerce, by concluding commercial relations by professionals, as well as nonprofessionals, it is highly important for the legislation to keep up with the market evolution, with the undeniable realities of living in a society that is geared towards consumption and internationalization and that is governed by technological advancements.National legislations, as well as international legislations ...

The present study aims to identify in the practice of the courts a series of objective elements in committing VAT fraud, which have relevance on proving guilt, a condition of fiscal liability. Starting from the jurisprudence of the Court of Justice of the European Union, we will approach the „test of knowledge” by the economic agent of the involvement of his operation in a tax fraud from the perspective of domestic law. The „knew or shoul...

The lease is one of the most important and frequent legal operations that we find in the Romanian trade. However, the legislature did not consider it necessary to establish this legal operation within the contracts regulated by the new Civil Code.The direct action of the user is expressly regulated by art. 12 of O.G. 51/1997, but, unfortunately, we find only a few doctrinal points regarding this legal mechanism.In this re...

As the current society increasingly relies on digital means in the conduct of social relations, the need to proove them before a court can impose new tasks on the judge in exercising his active role in establishing the judicial truth. The paper shall seek to identify a set of good practices in the management of digital evidence to ensure that the rights of the parties are respected while at the same time determining the extent of the rights su...