Personal liability of the directors towards the creditors follows the liability of the legal person, the one that is damaged by the torts of the directors, so that it aims to reintegrate the corporate assets. The damage thus affects the legal person and only indirectly and implicitly the creditors, the latter being the recipients of the compensation only in the case of the judicial liquidation of the legal person.The personal liability c...

My main goal writing this article was to organize the possible rulings in a regular civil claim procedure against an undertaking which became subject to an insolvency procedure. In order to achieve my goal, I analyzed the nature of the judgments of stay and closing imposed by art. 75 paragraph 1 from Law no. 85/2014.I concluded that both stay, and closing, are part of the same automatic stay international principle, and not two independe...

Through this article, the authors aim to highlight the importance of the rights of end users in the remote conclusion of a contract for the provision of mobile telephony services, in the context in which this way of concluding such a contract involves the exclusive use of one or more many means of remote communication, without the conclusion of the contract requiring the simultaneous physical presence of the two contracting parties. If in the...

A series of cases drew attention to the link between the concept of conflict of laws and the European Union’s Law. The Ingmar GB Ltd. v. Eaton Leonard Technologie Inc. case law is one of them. I took the liberty to start a preliminary research on such link in the light of the message spread by the above-mentioned dispute. This message invites us all to take note of at least one idea – the neo-Savignian idea of exercising the concept of Europea...

Crime prevention, criminal justice, and law enforcement are areas where artificial intelligence has the potential to complement or even greatly improve traditional techniques. The potential for artificial intelligence for law enforcement, legal professionals, the judiciary and even the criminal justice system to enhance human capabilities is enormous. Many judicial authorities have begun to use artificial intelligence applications to improve ...

The author emphasizes the importance of the protective regulation for real estate, protection supported by the adoption of Law no. 422/2001 of July 18, 2001, on the protection of the historical monuments, an amended and adapted law.He also notes some uninspired statements offered by the legislator that are found in the rules of the special law and whose effects are noted by public notaries when performing their professional services, by ...

As Armour, Hansmann & Kraakman’s classic Anatomy of Corporate Law attests, limited liability is a powerful “owner shield”, in fact, the reverse of “entity shielding” and, together with it, two of the main components of legal personality.The “company shield” protects the company’s assets from the possible claims of the shareholders’ creditors, while the “shareholders’ shield” protects the shareholders’ assets from those of the company’...

As legal practitioners, lawyers play a critical role in upholding justice and defending the rights of their clients. However, the power of persuasion that comes with the profession can be easily misused if not exercised ethically. Ethical oratory is crucial for lawyers, as it ensures that they do not cross the line between advocating for their clients and manipulating or misleading the court. In this context, ethical oratory refers to the use ...

The reserve of the title until the full payment of the price (Pactum reservati domini donec praetium solvitur) under the civil and then commercial sale contract had a vertiginous development in the 19th and 20th centuries. As it was not expressly regulated in the Civil Code or the Commercial Code, a wide range of solutions had been released over time – from challenging the validity of this clause by jurisprudence and doctrine, t...

The intellectual project of transnational law covers manifold areas. One of these areas is that of financial markets. Transnational realities invite the financial markets to take into account the mechanism of the transnational law itself. The transnational situations require also the combined use of the international law, the quasi-federal law of the European Union and the national legal systems. The interaction of these legal orders is just ...