The study examines the legislator’s conception of the contract for work, tracing its development from the succinct formulation of the Civil Code of 1865 to its contemporary regulation under the New Civil Code and analyses its evolution within European private law, with particular emphasis on the transition from a rigid obligation‑based framework to a flexible system centred on contractual remedies, proportionality, and international arbitrati...

The study examines banking contracts as legal instruments specific to credit institutions, emphasizing their complexity and the difficulty of strict classification. The Civil Code regulates four main contracts–current account, bank deposit, credit facility, and safe deposit box rental–but this framework is largely indicative, as real banking products combine elements from multiple legal institutions and revolve around credit risk. Within this...

Regulation (EU) 2023/1114 on markets in crypto‑assets, and amending Regulations (EU) No. 1093/2010 and (EU) No. 1095/2010 and Directives 2013/36/EU and (EU) 2019/1937 (MiCA) marks crypto‑assets’ emergence from the legislative shadows and the inauguration of a harmonised European crypto market governed by clear rules on user protection, financial stability and the encouragement of innovation. The article analyses the key requirements and the re...

The article examines the issue of contract formation through artificial intelligence agents, with a particular emphasis on chatbot applications, from the perspective of defects of consent regulated by the Civil Code. It demonstrates that an AI agent does not possess legal capacity and cann...

The practice of lifting the pre‑emptive right must be viewed not only from the perspective of formal legality, but also from the standpoint of its substantial impact on the rights of minority shareholders and on the healthy functioning of competition in the capital market and in the goods and services market. Artificial intelligence can play a key role in uncovering and preventing abuses, contributing to a fairer and more efficient corporate ...

The active subject of the contravention, within the framework of the special regulations relating to the organization of the operation and the concrete operation of the entities regulated and supervised by the A.S.F., is, among others, the natural person who exercises management functions within the company. The management function, under the conditions of paragraph (5) of art. 143 of Law no. 31/1990, is the function of the person who engages t...

Part II of this article analyses how art. 8 of the Rome I Regulation actually works.The application of the lex loci laboris, of the principle of contractual freedom and of the requirement of worker protection reveals not only the formula of combining libertarian and non-libertarian approaches, but also the background idea that such approaches display in order to ensure the predictability of identifying the law applicable to cont...

The legal status of workers on digital work platforms is becoming an increasingly pressing issue amid the rapid spread of these businesses. In theory, ride-sharing drivers are considered self-employed, but in practice they lack the freedom usually associated with this status. Based on the control exercised by the platforms, the Directive on improved working conditions in platform work establishes a legal presumption of an employment relationsh...

The present article aims to highlight two issues specific to judicial management expertise, i.e. the characteristics of the objectives to the expert’s report and the specifics of the trial procedure.The article starts with the concept of “management judicial expertise” and the role of the court-appointed expert.It then analyzes the characteristics that the objectives of the expert’s report must meet in relation to the specifics of...

The article analyzes the theoretical and practical aspects of control in the field of waste management in the Republic of Moldova, highlighting the lack of a distinct regulatory framework that explicitly governs the procedures, competences, and control mechanisms. Although Law No. 131/2012 of the Republic of Moldova on state control is currently applied in this area, the author points out that it does not adequately address the specificities of...