Various categories of capital premiums (issue premiums, merger premiums, etc.) are elements known by those working with companies’ law, either in theory or in practice. However, there is no single approach with respect to the concept, which would take into account all the types of capital premiums. Similarly, with a few exceptions, there is no theoretical study with respect to the various problems recently occurred in practice with respect to...

International double taxation is an excessive fiscal requirement on the taxpayer income and assets, representing a barrier to the movement of capital and to processes for enhancing cooperation between countries and enhancing economic and financial relations between them. For this reason states are concerned with finding solutions to avoid it, tax conventions whose provisions include the principles, criteria, methods and procedures that will en...

The Court of Justice of the European Union held on a request for a preliminary ruling (Kásler v OTP Jelzálogbank Zrt, C-26/13, 30 April 2014) concerning the allegedly unfair contractual term relating to the exchange rate applicable to repayments of a loan denominated in a foreign currency. This paper gives further explanations for the answers of the Court and analyses the relevance of these answers for the Romanian consumer of CHF de...

Germany’s Federal Court of Justice issued on 13 May 2014 two decisions (XI ZR 405/12 and XI ZR 170/13) stating that contractual term regarding the processing fee in consumer loans is unfair and thus ineffective. This paper briefly explains the reasons for the Court’s decisions, which may be of certain importance for the on-going debates among Romanian scholars. ...

The compensation institution of mutual receivables and payables of the creditor and debtor has regulators, both in the Insolvency Law and in Common Law. However, in the operational practice of this legal institution of extinction of obligations, during the insolvency procedure, we notice that the insolvency practitioners are avoiding this operation, as well as the syndic judges are reluctant when rulling over compensation.Men...

In Romania, an important institution that created emulation in organizing and developing the commercial relation was and still is the Chamber of Commerce and Industry, with roots in the mid-nineteenth century. This entity had a major role in the economy of Romania, for almost a century (1864-1945). Nevertheless, the history and the beneficial role of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry to the development of the modern Romania in over 80 year...

The author of this article details one of newly-regulated institutions under the New Civil Procedure Code of Romania in the matter of ensuring a unitary case law, namely the motion to rule in principle on certain legal matters, filed to the High Court of Cassation and Justice, by which certain courts of law may request the highest court to issue a preliminary ruling on a newly-emerged legal issue that was referred to them. Other procedural mea...

The article investigates legal controversies arisen in practice regarding the status of creditors who benefit from a mortgage on the banking account of the debtor, when in concurrence with other creditors who aim to recover their receivables from the same person. With a special view at forced execution and insolvency procedures, the authors provide an analysis of the different approaches used by bank-account mortgagees in order to justify their...

The Civil Code of 1864 assigned one Article to the error – vice of consent, hence, the majority of the issues and considerations related to the error being built and debated at a doctrinal level. The new Civil code has another approach. The regulation of error is more abudant, i.e. seven Articles insted of one Article, some of the regulated issues being the ones already debated at doctrinal level under the Civil Code of 1864, e.g. error of la...

This study aims to examine the current state of national regulations on insider information, as well as their legal status. The highly technical nature of this study compels us to explain and analyze, at the same time, some key concepts for understanding the subject.Without trying to fully investigate the subject matter, the paper starts with an overview of the American background which created for the first time the need to regulate the ...