The traceability of mortgages established on the debitor`s asset in a perpetually topical topic in relation to the activity of enterprises in particular in the pre-insolvency phase; following the legal course of the mortgage institution, whether movable or immovable, is of theoretical and practical interest both for ensuring the protection of the creditor`s rights of this institution, and for managing the assets of the debitor in financial diff...

The article seeks to highlight the ongoing tension between the fundamental freedoms underpinning the European Union’s internal market and the Member States’ desire to safeguard their own cultural or economic interests through fiscal measures. In this context, the analysis focuses on the Amazon case, currently pending before the Court of Justice of the European Union, concerning the compatibility with EU law of the fixed €3 fee imposed i...

The pressure exerted by a creditor invoking a penalty clause included in a contract recognized by law as enforceable is a familiar scenario for both bailiffs and judges in enforcement courts. Bailiffs may encounter it even more frequently, especially when they manage to persuade creditors – based on judicial practice known to enforcement bodies – that the chances of obtaining approval for forced execution are rather slim. Even more unpl...

Regarding the scope of application of article 67 paragraph (6) of Law no. 31/1990, namely whether it also applies in the case of the valorization of securities in the context of a forced execution that is carried out by way of a sale (amicable, direct or forced), and the adjudication act represents, at least regarding the nature and legal consequences, a genuine sale-purchase contract by which the property right over the goods that are the sub...

The withdrawal of associates from the limited liability company is a solution to the crisis of affectio societatis, whose legal meanders are becoming increasingly interesting due to the complexity of the problems arising in practice and the few and even contradictory legislative solutions. The present study examines only the hypothesis of the withdrawal of an associate from the limited liability company with the consent of all the oth...

The Companies Law prohibits shareholders who are directors from voting, including by proxy, on their discharge „or on a matter in which their person or administration would be at issue”. Article 126 regulates the generic conflict of interest between the shareholder and the company, when the directors are those who have prepared the financial statements and have every interest in being approved. The prohibition to exercise the right to vote is ...

The panoply of legal instruments which the legislator consecrates for reparation of damage and who cares to several branches of law can instill to the creditor the illusion of the possibility of simultaneously resorting to all of them or of establishing an order of their use according to subjective criteria.A concrete example in this regard will be analyzed in the present study and it concerns the matter of non-reimbursable funds face t...

The tax regime of the income obtained by individual real estate developers has been challenging for both taxpayers and tax authorities. Contradictory administrative doctrine on the applicable tax regime (whether tax on income from the transfer of real estate from own patrimony or tax on income from self employment activities is due) was sanctioned by the Amnesty Law No. 29/2018, but in practice cases of reclassification of the activity performe...

The proceedings before the Court of Justice of the European Union are characterised by the juridic multilingualism, the objective of which is to ensure the uniform interpretation and application of Union law, as well as to control the legality of acts of the Union institutions, bodies, offices and agencies. However, although viewed as a juridic and functional requirement, multilingualism also brings a series of complex difficulties and challen...

The particular nature and the development of Tax Law in recent years in Romania is raising certain questions when it comes to Tax Law’s relationship with other procedures. In this contribution, the author analysis a case that was decided both by an insolvency court and a tax court, with the consequence that the same tax decision was considered both ineffective and effective from a legal point of view. ...