This study, in three parts, is dedicated to the bankruptcy crimes, simple and fraudulent, and regulated by articles art. 240-241 pf the Penal Code. This first part approaches common aspects of both infractions, in a historical (chronological order), respectively in the Bankruptcy law , then in Companies law, then back in the Bankruptcy law, and currently in the Criminal law. Then are analyzed the constitutive elements of the bankruptcy crimes...

This article approaches the issue of the transfer of the property right over the shares of a company, concentrating especially on the sale transfer. There are also analyzed various forms of transfer based on the size of the stake, type of the company, finance of the transaction, as well as fiscal aspects. Declaration in the company’s registries is not a specific form of transfer, but a way of making the transfer opposable to the issuer, as a ...

Withdrawal and expulsion have effects not only over one’s position as a member of a company, by ceasing the membership, but also over the net assets of the issuer of the respective shares, own by the withdrawn or expelled member. These are acquired by the issuer, which either cancel them, either keep them as treasury.Due to the fact that members’corporate claims are satisfied over the very issuer, the question raised is the protection o...

Members of the board of directors or board of supervisors mandate bears legal limitations and possible statutory limitations in order to ensure a fair administration, in the company’s interest, as it is sees by the law and the shareholders. To prevent the tendency of putting the personal interest above the company’s one, the law sanctions not only general issues, but defines certain particular situations considered presumptive conflictual form t...

This article approaches the issue of the abuse of the voting right, from the perspective of the current legislation, that is the New Civil Code, and the fact that it conflicts with The Companies Law no. 31/1990, as well as with The Capital Market Law no. 297/2004, which laws were inspired by the former Decree no. 31/1954. The two most common forms of the abuse of the voting right, that is minority oppression and majority harassment, are analyz...

This article covers the liability of the directors towards the company, different than the liability towards the third parties. The issue of the legal nature of this liability should not be controversial, for it is a contractual one. Law no. 31/1990 came (quite late) for the limited companies by stock (SA) with the bonus pater familias criterion, that means that the liability is appreciated by the objective criterion of a common, ordin...

This article aproaches the issue of the nullity of the decision of the general meeting of shareholders of a company, aiming to realize a detailed view over a topic that raise, despite the fact that it should not, erroneous interpretations that endanger the very stability of the juridical relations. The main problems are: the shareholders legal capacity in case of assigning the shares after the ex rights date, the legal capacity of the sharehol...

This article aproaches the issue of the nullity of the decision of the general meeting of shareholders of a company, aiming to realize a detailed view over a topic that raise, despite the fact that it should not, erroneous interpretations that endanger the very stability of the juridical relations. The main problems are: the shareholders legal capacity in case of assigning the shares after the ex rights date, the legal capacity of the shareho...

This article makes a general presentation of the derivatives, forward, futures and options, their legal nature and the trading procedures. These instruments were intensivelly used before the 2008 recession to finance different areas. Despite that their role is significantelly reduced, they are still not just a theoretical model but also a practical one to use instruments were the principal actors of the financial market meet: issuers, brokers...

The article aproaches the issue of the profit treatement and distribution of dividends in a complete and applied way, including for the listed companies. Due to the fact that Law no. 31/1990 does not offer to the intrerpretor a clear and unequivocal text, one shoud try to find solutions resorting to the principles of law, European law, comparative law or the accounting/financial reporting standards. ...