Debates on central bank digital currency (CBDC) pose serious challenges for legal practitioners, as they involve a concept characterized by ambiguity (first issue), variable parameters of analysis (second issue) and complex technical and economic components (third issue). Legal practitioners usually prefer well-defined topics with clear legal bases, which allow interpretation of legal principles and identification of legal correlations. The CB...

The prevention of insolvency constitutes a cornerstone of the legal framework, enabling financially distressed enterprises to undertake restructuring efforts and implement strategic measures to surmount periods of economic adversity.One of the principal mechanisms for insolvency prevention is the preventive concordat procedure, which necessitates an initial assessment report on the financial distress encountered by the company. Upon the c...

The regulation of part-time work in the content of art. 103-107 of the Labor Code corresponds, in principle, to the objectives established in the content of Council Directive no. 97/81/EC of 15 December 1997 on the framework agreement on part-time work, amended by Council Directive 98/23/EC of 7 April 1998, the Romanian legislator aiming to eliminate discrimination against part-time workers and improve the quality of part-time work, facilitat...

The European insurance industry lives in the area of the conflict of laws. The aim of this paper is to show how the so-called „European conflict of laws” reveals – to foreign companies – its virtues and vices alike. Such foreign companies (non-European companies or companies outside the European Union itself, n.n.) are invited to know in depth the federal-like nature of the European Union and its legislative infrastructure. Once this nature is...

The present case commentary provides an in-depth analysis of the judgment delivered by the Court of Justice of the European Union in Case C-51/20 Commission v. Greece, concerning the persistent failure of a Member State to comply with its obligation to recover unlawful and incompatible State aid, as previously ordered by the Commission. The ruling exemplifies the corrective and sanctioning function of the EU judiciary in response to institutio...

The paper examines the legal regime governing jurisdiction clauses in electronic contracts concluded between consumers and professionals, with particular reference to the application and interpretation of Articles 17–19 of Regulation (EU) No. 1215/2012 (Brussels I bis). In the context of accelerated digitalisation and the widespread use of click-wrap agreements, the study highlights the legal risks stemming from the structural imbalance between...

A significant and intricate component of Romanian sports law involves financing the activity of sports structures. In Romania, an overwhelming majority of sports structures are funded from public sources. Whether we refer to public or private law sports structures, both have the capacity to benefit from public funds allocated by Romanian state through projects for non-profit activities of general interest, financing contracts, or subsidies, due...

Spontaneity is considered a quality of talented speakers. In reality, it can be an attribute of any speaker who understands that to act naturally, one must control anxiety – the restlessness and excessive worry that paralyze initiative. Effective anxiety management is essential to allow spontaneous expression and take advantage of opportunities. In this context, it is important to know the most important methods to break the chains of anxiety a...

The article examines the metaverse, detailing its user profiles and legal challenges. It highlights data protection principles and privacy concerns unique to virtual environments. Emphasis is placed on data minimisation strategies to safeguard user privacy, concluding with the necessity for robust regulatory measures to ensure ethical development of the metaverse.

The Law of Georgia dated 14 March 2008 „On Electronic Signature and Electronic Document” was abolished by the Law of Georgia dated 21 April 2017 „On Electronic Documents and Electronic Trust Services”.The reason for developing the new law was that its predecessor was adopted in 2008, after which some factual circumstances in Georgia changed substantially.The purpose of the current law is to determine the legal mechanisms for the us...