The present case commentary provides an in-depth analysis of the judgment delivered by the Court of Justice of the European Union in Case C-51/20 Commission v. Greece, concerning the persistent failure of a Member State to comply with its obligation to recover unlawful and incompatible State aid, as previously ordered by the Commission. The ruling exemplifies the corrective and sanctioning function of the EU judiciary in response to institutio...

The paper examines the legal regime governing jurisdiction clauses in electronic contracts concluded between consumers and professionals, with particular reference to the application and interpretation of Articles 17–19 of Regulation (EU) No. 1215/2012 (Brussels I bis). In the context of accelerated digitalisation and the widespread use of click-wrap agreements, the study highlights the legal risks stemming from the structural imbalance between...

EU Directive 2024/1760 on Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence imposes key obligations on large companies, requiring them to prevent and mitigate adverse impacts on human rights and the environment. Applicable only to companies with at least 1,000 employees and a global turnover exceeding EUR 450 million, the Directive excludes most EU companies, raising concerns about its effectiveness in regulating small and medium-sized enterprises....

The concept of social profit has emerged as a result of the sustainability movement and has become a key indicator of non-financial corporate performance. Unlike traditional financial measures, social profit reflects the social and environmental impacts of a company’s activities in the community in which it operates. This paper examines the challenges of establishing standardised methodologies and metrics for measuring social profit, as well ...

Starting from the non-economic dimensions of business, the article presents a series of obligations of enterprises that aim to protect values and responsible business conduct, as reflected in the regulation of foreign direct investment and in the regulation of due diligence in matters of corporate sustainability.These obligations, however non-economic they may seem, can have profound consequences for enterprises, including economic ones.

Debates on central bank digital currency (CBDC) pose serious challenges for legal practitioners, as they involve a concept characterized by ambiguity (first issue), variable parameters of analysis (second issue) and complex technical and economic components (third issue). Legal practitioners usually prefer well-defined topics with clear legal bases, which allow interpretation of legal principles and identification of legal correlations. The CB...

Part II of this article analyses how art. 8 of the Rome I Regulation actually works.The application of the lex loci laboris, of the principle of contractual freedom and of the requirement of worker protection reveals not only the formula of combining libertarian and non-libertarian approaches, but also the background idea that such approaches display in order to ensure the predictability of identifying the law applicable to cont...

The legal status of workers on digital work platforms is becoming an increasingly pressing issue amid the rapid spread of these businesses. In theory, ride-sharing drivers are considered self-employed, but in practice they lack the freedom usually associated with this status. Based on the control exercised by the platforms, the Directive on improved working conditions in platform work establishes a legal presumption of an employment relationsh...

The present article aims to highlight two issues specific to judicial management expertise, i.e. the characteristics of the objectives to the expert’s report and the specifics of the trial procedure.The article starts with the concept of “management judicial expertise” and the role of the court-appointed expert.It then analyzes the characteristics that the objectives of the expert’s report must meet in relation to the specifics of...

The article analyzes the theoretical and practical aspects of control in the field of waste management in the Republic of Moldova, highlighting the lack of a distinct regulatory framework that explicitly governs the procedures, competences, and control mechanisms. Although Law No. 131/2012 of the Republic of Moldova on state control is currently applied in this area, the author points out that it does not adequately address the specificities of...