The article examines the relationship between the autonomy of sports governing bodies and the application of European Union competition law in professional football, through the lens of the evolving case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union and, in particular, the recent judgment delivered in Case C‑133/24, CD Tondela and Others. The paper highlights the gradual transformation of professional sport from a field tradition...

In recent years, the expansion of the digital revolution has permeated an increasing number of fields, and the justice system is no exception. Viewed sometimes with reluctance, other times with skepticism, electronic tools can also be seen as a necessity in light of the changes taking place in society. Of course, these must be adapted to best meet both the needs of the judicial process and those of the litigants. This study aims to ana...

In the context of transformations driven by digitalization and the development of artificial intelligence, managerial decision‑making processes undergo a structural reconfiguration, with direct implications for corporate governance, organizational sustainability, and insolvency risk. This paper proposes an integrated analysis of the relationship between managerial decisions, internal control mechanisms, the applicable legal framework, and the ...

A recent issue has emerged in the practice of the Trade Register, giving rise to the following legal dilemma: may a civil professional partnership of lawyers (SCA) establish a company with legal personality governed by Law No. 31/1990 on companies, both directly and in its capacity as trustee under a fiduciary agreement in which the fiduciary obligation consists in the incorporation and operation of such a company? This apparently simple ques...

This study analyzes the role of Open Source Intelligence (OSINT) as a legal and forensic tool in the investigation and prevention of business crime, a criminal category that brings together several crimes, such as: corruption in the private environment, money laundering, fraud, stock market crimes and tax evasion. The paper argues that OSINT has gone beyond the status of an auxiliary instrument, becoming a structural component of the ev...

The aim of this research is to examine the structural transformations of the global economic ecosystem, focusing on the transition from manufacturing‑based modes of production to contemporary mechanisms grounded in digital platforms and the GIG economy. In a society continuously seeking solutions for sustainable development, technological evolution is reshaping not only industrial processes but also the very essence of labour relations and inst...

The conflict‑of‑laws regime applicable to bills of exchange, promissory notes, and cheques is examined through the lens of the private international law rules set out in the Romanian Civil Code, structured across four sections. The first section is devoted to the historical evolution of the relevant legal framework; the second addresses the law governing legal classification (qualification); the third section analyses the principle of the plura...

The study examines the legislator’s conception of the contract for work, tracing its development from the succinct formulation of the Civil Code of 1865 to its contemporary regulation under the New Civil Code and analyses its evolution within European private law, with particular emphasis on the transition from a rigid obligation‑based framework to a flexible system centred on contractual remedies, proportionality, and international arbitrati...

The study examines banking contracts as legal instruments specific to credit institutions, emphasizing their complexity and the difficulty of strict classification. The Civil Code regulates four main contracts–current account, bank deposit, credit facility, and safe deposit box rental–but this framework is largely indicative, as real banking products combine elements from multiple legal institutions and revolve around credit risk. Within this...

Regulation (EU) 2023/1114 on markets in crypto‑assets, and amending Regulations (EU) No. 1093/2010 and (EU) No. 1095/2010 and Directives 2013/36/EU and (EU) 2019/1937 (MiCA) marks crypto‑assets’ emergence from the legislative shadows and the inauguration of a harmonised European crypto market governed by clear rules on user protection, financial stability and the encouragement of innovation. The article analyses the key requirements and the re...