Manipulation is a form of influence with a negative connotation. It can take various forms in virtual space and has harmful effects, among others, on the autonomy of will and freedom of thought. In the work we propose, we will first explain what manipulation and online manipulation are and what the online manipulation types are. We will then try to identify the antidotes to online manipulation, using the European instruments in force, with a pa...

The practice of „ghostwriting” involves an author of a literary, artistic, or scientific work agreeing to give credit for his/her creation to another person in exchange for payment, with the result that his/her work is published under the latter’s name. Ghostwriting is increasingly used in various fields, becoming an effective solution for those in need (of a „writer”) and a profession or even an entrepreneurial endeavor for ...

The Internet has led to the migration of commercial advertising in the cyberspace, where professionals who seek to promote their products/services are forced to fight for the consumers’ attention. One form of online commercial advertising, which they use to a significant extent, is that carried out through influencers. These advertising providers commercialize their influence. In order to present some of the legal issues stemming from the inf...