The study provides a comprehensive legal analysis of the bank guarantee letter as an autonomous personal security under Romanian civil law, widely used in commercial transactions and public procurement. The author emphasizes its defining features – autonomy, irrevocability, and unconditionality – which fundamentally distinguish it from suretyship and other accessory guarantees. The paper examines the contractual and legal framework governing b...

This article proposes a view on the impact of the New Civil Code on a credit instrument of Anglo-Saxon origin – the overdraft which was regulated, until the coming into force of the new code, only by BNR (National Bank of Romania) norms, mainly aiming at prudential aspects. As a consequence, the credit institutions had a greater liberty for establishing the related obligations, a liberty which, used while ignoring the norms of the New Ci...