Brussels I Regulation establishes a system for recognition and enforcement of judgments coming from courts of the Member States within the European Union in civil and commercial matters. Following article 73 of the Regulation, its applicability was analyzed after a period of fi ve years from its entry into force. In general, it facilitated cross-border litigation, but its applicability has been criticized, among others, in relation to exclusiv...

In 2010 the European Commission prepared a Report on the application of Brussels I Regulation as it was required by article 73 of the same Regulation. In its Report the Commission proposed several changes to be brought to the Regulation in order to improve its applicability and achieve its objectives, those of avoiding parallel proceedings and irreconcilable judgments within the courts of the Member States and providing an area of free movemen...