The practice of lifting the pre‑emptive right must be viewed not only from the perspective of formal legality, but also from the standpoint of its substantial impact on the rights of minority shareholders and on the healthy functioning of competition in the capital market and in the goods and services market. Artificial intelligence can play a key role in uncovering and preventing abuses, contributing to a fairer and more efficient corporate ...

State aid is considered an anti-competitive practice requiring legislative intervention and sanctioning according to Article 107 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. This paper details the exceptions and conditions under which state aid may be considered compatible with the internal market, as well as the role of national and European authorities in evaluating them.Within a case analysis, the authors explore Decision (...