The study provides a comprehensive legal analysis of the bank guarantee letter as an autonomous personal security under Romanian civil law, widely used in commercial transactions and public procurement. The author emphasizes its defining features – autonomy, irrevocability, and unconditionality – which fundamentally distinguish it from suretyship and other accessory guarantees. The paper examines the contractual and legal framework governing b...

The study attempts to define the nature and character of a common law legal transplant in the New Romanian Civil Code – the bank guarantee letter as well as the dilemmas faced by the courts in the judicial practice created by this independent guarantee. Keywords: ...