The present study aims to analyze the causes and mechanism of an atypical procedure established by art. 603 paragraph (3) of the Civil Procedure Code, that of the validation of the arbitral award. Through it, in an unusual manner, some effects of a definitive and binding jurisdictional act (the arbitral award) are conditioned by the performance of verifications by a court of law or, even more strangely, by an authority without jurisdictional p...

International adoption of rules relating to damages caused by pollution is due to inappropriate and incomplete national legal systems.In these conditions, the contribution of international conventions is to qualify and quantify certain types of claims (e.g. pure economic loss caused by environmental pollution, costs of measures to prevent or limit pollution, environmental damage).