This article examines the landmark judgment of the Court of Justice of the European Union in the Google/Android Auto case (C-233/23), which significantly redefines the legal framework governing refusals to ensure interoperability in digital markets.Departing from the traditional indispensability standard established in Bronner and IMS Health, the Court held that a refusal by a dominant undertaking to grant inte...

The present paper analyses the essential facilities doctrine and its application in the decisions of the European Commission and the case-law of the European Court of Justice in cases of abuse of dominant position. More precisely, the paper seeks to explore the conditions in which a dominant undertaking may be obliged to share with its competitors access to certain goods, services or rights which the former holds under exclusivity and which ar...